The Complexo do Alemão, a group of 12 favelas in Rio de Janeiro, attracted the attention of Brazilian and International corporate media when the police and the army ‘pacified’ the favelas in 2010. Part of a broader political and economic project to make Rio de Janeiro ‘safe for large-scale events, pacification consists of seizing back territories from the control of drug dealers by installing permanent police units. This paper focuses on how different discourses on the ‘pacification’ of the Alemão simultaneously (...) entextualized and projected trajectories of reception, interpellation and agency. It also delineates different and competing communicable maps of these trajectories of signs. While looking at ethnographic evidence from local reception of mediatized signs and people’s own communicable maps, it draws attention to major gaps in communicable constructions of pacification, thus attempting to accentuate some complexities of Rio’s mainstream pragmatics of circulation. (shrink)

Este artigo tem por objetivo, a partir da retomada da crítica neorrepublicana à ideia de liberdade política de Hannah Arendt, esclarecer o significado da liberdade para a autora e sua contribuição para a retomada do republicanismo, a saber, por uma teoria da liberdade ampla, fundamentada no cultivo das atividades espirituais.

Estratégias pedagógicas adotadas pela professora de uma escola pública em Recifemostram como é possível enfrentar os desafios advindos com a pandemia do COVID-19 emprol de uma educação de qualidade.

A partir de imagens de crianças encontradas no cinema dos primeiros tempos, propomos uma reflexão sobre as relações entre a infância e cinema. Segundo Walter Benjamin (2009), tanto a infância quanto o cinema são invenções da modernidade: o conceito de infância como um período importante de formação do sujeito nasce de forma inseparável das tecnologias de produção e reprodução da imagem que nos dão a ver as crianças de uma forma inédita, primeiro na fotografia e depois no cinema. A partir (...) disso, nos perguntamos se seria possível pensar na “invenção” do cinema como também um gesto de infância? Nos propomos a pensar uma ideia de infância do cinema para além de um reducionismo teleológico. Para tanto, partimos de uma visão psicanalítica sobre o processo de entrada na linguagem, que coincide com o movimento de individuação do sujeito, na infância. A partir desta perspectiva, estabelecemos uma analogia entre a infância e o desenvolvimento do cinema como momentos igualmente marcados pela entrada na linguagem: de um estado atravessado fortemente pela visualidade, pela experimentação, pela descoberta e pela brincadeira, em direção a uma entrada no sistema simbólico estruturado da linguagem através de constantes negociações com as convenções e os limites do mundo adulto. (shrink)

The concept of corporal image includes how own body, taking into account their constituent parts, as well as the feelings related the those characteristics. The entrance in academica life provokes alterations in the feeding behavior, and the exposition to the new social environment they can bring as consequence an increase in dissatisfaction. Objective: To investigate the satisfaction with the body image and eating behavior of academics at a university center. Methods: For data collection, the following instruments were used. The evaluation (...) was performed with anthropometric measurements, as size and weight measurements. In order to diagnose the nutritional status, the body mass index was used. In order to evaluate the study variables; we used the Body Checking questionnaires Questionnaire. Male Body Checking Questionnaire, Body Shape Questionnaire and EAT-26. Results: According to the Body Mass Index, the female gender had a higher rate of adequacy (70.4%), in relation to the masculine (58,9%). The EAT-26 questionnaire showed that 85% of male engineering students presented risk for Feeding Disorders, in relation to the female psychology (89.8%). Conclusion: In terms of feeding behavior, the women scored higher than men, which suggests a higher susceptibility to Feeding Disorders development in men. (shrink)

A introdução da filosofia do direito na educação busca ampliar a compreensão dos alunos sobre os fundamentos teóricos, éticos e políticos do direito. Ela visa desenvolver habilidades de pensamento crítico e promover uma consciência cívica e ética em relação ao sistema jurídico e seu papel na sociedade. Os instrumentos essenciais do estudo filosófico são assuntos muito frequentes e indispensáveis, como; o sentido da aparição humana, como a origem e exício, a alegria e tristeza, o certo e o errado, a felicidade (...) e a dor, o amor, a capacidade, entre outros, que iluminam a relação entre todas as pessoas na sociedade aprendizagem e coexistência. Ao adotar essas abordagens, as instituições de ensino têm a oportunidade de enriquecer a experiência educacional, estimulando o desenvolvimento de competências críticas, a habilidade para resolver desafios complexos e a capacidade de tomar decisões éticas. Portanto esse estudo tem como objetivo articular sobre a compreensão dos fundamentos teóricos, desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico, reflexão ética e moral e consciência dos direitos e responsabilidades na educação de maneira comum. (shrink)

Este artigo investiga como o diálogo de Michel Foucault - em sua última fase - com Immanuel Kant, sobre a questão da Aufklärung, permite uma reavaliação da perspectiva do pensador francês sobre conceitos como poder, liberdade e autonomia. Propõe sumariamente que a divisão entre "ontologia do presente" e "ontologia de nós mesmos" seria similar à distinção realizada na Metafisica dos Costumes, entre Doutrina do Direito e Doutrina da Virtude.

The Afro-Brazilian connections between the coast of West Africa and Brazil date back to the transatlantic slave trade and the Muslim uprising in Bahia in 1933. After this major rebellion, many former slaves returned to West Africa bearing a large Brazilian cultural imprint consisting of architectural skills, culinary traditions, and song and dance. They also brought back Brazilian names and cosmopolitan outlooks. From Africa, enslaved Africans carried with them to Brazil philosophical and cosmological outlooks and indeed, culture generally. Some of (...) these cross-fertilizations are what are interrogated in this intellectual and cultural exchange. (shrink)

Little is known about the views of mothers when their children are invited to participate in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating medicines and/or invasive procedures. Our goal was to understand mothers’ perceptions of the processes of informed consent and randomization in a RCT that divided uncooperative children into three intervention groups (physical restraint, sedation, and general anesthesia) for dental rehabilitation.

Curso de Geografia de Jean-Jacques Rousseau integra o X volume da edição de OEuvres complètes de Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Édition thématique du Tricentenaire, Slatkine/Honoré Champion (2012), subintitulado Escritos Científicos. Para esta tradução, além do texto consagrado na edição do tricentenário, também utilizamos a edição norte-americana dos textos de Rousseau organizada por Christopher Kelly, intitulada Autobiographical, scientific, religious, moral, and literary writings (2007). Preservamos, integralmente, as indispensáveis notas ao texto em língua francesa, que são de autoria de Christophe Van Staen.

Ao discutirmos acerca da educação integral, temos que nos referenciar na escola unitária, idealizada por Antonio Gramsci, por ele acreditar no poder da escola formando todas as pessoas para serem dirigentes numa nova sociedade e no Manifesto de 1932. Dentre as principais conclusões, pode-se afirmar que aextensão da jornada discente não pode ser apenas uma questão de ampliação de tempo, mas de uma organização escolar que contemple e qualifique as atividades obrigatórias e as atividades de livre escolha do aluno.When arguing (...) concerning the integral education, we have that in reference them in the unitary school, idealized for Antonio Gramsci, for it to believe the power of the school forming all the people to be leading in a new society and the Manifesto of 1932. Among the main conclusions, we can state that the students’ period length can not be only a time enlargement, but a period to qualify the compulsory activities and the students’ free choice activities. (shrink)

RESUMO A série Black Mirror, transmitida entre 2011 e 2023 pela Netflix, tornou-se um fenômeno de mídia e seus episódios mostraram formas de interação homem-máquina (terminologia também referida como humano-computador). O nome da série se refere ao fato de que, quando uma tela é desligada, ela se torna um espelho negro que reflete a imagem do usuário. Este artigo1 tem como objetivo analisar os efeitos da interação homem-máquina nas organizações produtivas apresentadas em Black Mirror. Esta pesquisa utilizou a análise do (...) discurso, principalmente a partir das contribuições de Mikhail Bakhtin. O método consistiu em três etapas que contaram com a colaboração de estudantes de graduação e pós-graduação em Engenharia de Produção, integrando ensino e pesquisa e desenvolvendo o senso crítico dos pesquisadores-iniciantes. Os resultados indicam que, nas organizações apresentadas na série Black Mirror, há uma transição do conceito de fatores humanos para fatores ciborgues, bem como o uso da interação homem-máquina para promover o controle social. (shrink)

Appellate Court Modifications Extraction consists of, given an Appellate Court decision, identifying the proposed modifications by the upper Court of the lower Court judge’s decision. In this work, we propose a system to extract Appellate Court Modifications for Portuguese. Information extraction for legal texts has been previously addressed using different techniques and for several languages. Our proposal differs from previous work in two ways: our corpus is composed of Brazilian Appellate Court decisions, in which we look for a set of (...) modifications provided by the Court; and to automatically extract the modifications, we use a traditional Machine Learning approach and a Deep Learning approach, both as alternative solutions and as a combined solution. We tackle the Appellate Court Modifications Extraction task, experimenting with a wide variety of methods. In order to train and evaluate the system, we have built the KauaneJunior corpus, using public data disclosed by the Appellate State Court of Rio de Janeiro jurisprudence database. Our best method, which is a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory network combined with Conditional Random Fields, obtained an \ score of 94.79%. (shrink)

ObjectiveThis study aims to analyze sociohistorically how the normative patterns of hegemonic masculinity produced impacts on men’s health/mental health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA qualitative study from a socio-historical perspective was conducted with 50 men based on an online survey. A semistructured form was applied. The data were analyzed by the Collective Subject Discourse method, interpreted in the light of the context of epidemic disease and hegemonic masculinity.ResultsThe experience of the pandemic exposed the normative patterns of masculinities from (...) the consummation of acts representative of the pandemic context, which incited men to deny the existence of COVID-19 disease and to delay the understanding and adoption of measures to protect and control COVID-19. As a repercussion, men presented conflicts in the regulation of emotions; presented emotional suppression; were more reactive; felt threatened regarding the loss of the role of family provider, virility; and revealed a sense of invulnerability, added to the weakening of self-care.ConclusionThe discourse revealed that the men’s behaviors are consistent with the characteristics of hegemonic masculinity, but express signs of recognition that this behavior causes harm to themselves and their health. (shrink)

Resumo:Este artigo discute a leitura que faz o estudo introdutório de Luiz Henrique Lopes dos Santos (1992) dos aforismos iniciais do Tractatus. Tal leitura vê, nesses aforismos iniciais, as consequências ontológicas de um argumento transcendental cuja premissa é a concepção de figuração desenvolvida nos aforismos subsequentes. Em contraste com essa leitura, aqui é defendido que se possa entender esses aforismos iniciais como uma investigação de toda normatividade, explicitando o vínculo entre necessidade e totalidade. Assim se aponta para uma nova (...) perspectiva de interpretação do Tractatus e de seus vínculos com a tradição crítica. Abstract:This article discusses the reading made in the introductory study by Luiz Henrique Lopes dos Santos (1992) of the initial aphorisms of the Tractatus. Such a reading holds, in these initial aphorisms, the ontological consequences of a transcendental argument whose premise is the conception of picturing developed in the subsequent aphorisms. In contrast to this reading, it is argued here that these initial aphorisms can be understood as an investigation of all normativity, making explicit the link between necessity and totality. Thus, the present paper points out to a new perspective of interpretation of the Tractatus and its links with the critical tradition. (shrink)

The current research is based on Senninger’s Learning Zone Model applied to the tourists’ comfort zone. This model was created in 2000 and it proved to be useful in many applied areas: Psychology, Sociology, Marketing and Management. This modes is a behavioral one and shows how a person can justify his action based on previous tested experiences or dares to step beyond in fear, learn or growth zone. Our research is extending the existent area of expertise to tourism. We aimed (...) at exploring whether the tourists’ apprehension toward choosing their next destination from a comfort zone perspective or rather from the other zones’ perspectives such as fear, learning or growth. To meet this purpose we conducted a mixed method: firstly a qualitative one, an in-depth interview based on Delphi method with 10 tourism specialists and secondly an online survey on 208 Generation Z tourists. The interviews were meant to help developing a 20 items scale to measure from which of the 4 zones are the respondents making the choice of the future travel destination. Our conclusions show that Gen Z tourists display behaviors that can be associated with learning or growth zones rather than the comfort zone. This is relevant when choosing the next travel destination, because our findings could bring about a new approach to promoting tourist destinations as part of various products. As a result, a large range of managerial tools can better adapt the promotion messages to the target market from a new psychological perspective. (shrink)

Carbon offsetting remains contentious within, at least, philosophy. By posing and then answering a general question about an aspect of the morality of carbon offsetting—Does carbon offsetting make luxury emissions morally permissible?—this essay helps to lessen some of the topic’s contentiousness. Its central question is answered by arguing and defending the view that carbon offsetting makes luxury emissions morally permissible by counteracting potential harm. This essay then shows how this argument links to and offers a common starting point for further (...) examination of offsetting across various disciplines and domains, such as policy and other branches of philosophy like the ethics of risk. (shrink)

Este texto parte de inquietações em torno da prática filosófica com crianças e da escuta que ocorre em algumas comunidades de investigação filosófica (Sharp, 1987; Mendonça & Carvalho, 2018) em contexto escolar. Pensamos nas certezas com que nos movemos nestes espaços e como momentos imprevisíveis podem interromper esses caminhos (aparentemente) seguros, possibilitando novas formas de educar. Esses “momentos críticos” (Haynes & Murris, 2012) surgem a partir da escuta das vozes de crianças e transformam a forma como o educador-investigador-facilitador se (...) conduz na escola e nas reflexões que faz a partir dessas práticas. Desta forma, a pergunta da Inês abre a presente escrita. Partiremos também de diálogos com alguns autores, como seja Jean-Luc Nancy, que nos traz importantes ideias acerca da escuta, e Michael Apple, que nos remete que as escolas podem atuar como mantenedoras de uma situação hegemônica por meio da transmissão de valores e tendências culturais econômicas ao contexto escolar. Seguimos pela importância e reflexão crítica sobre a escuta das vozes das crianças, até nos perguntarmos se a escola escuta e quais vozes são consideradas nessa escuta Além disso, em diálogo com hooks, Freire, Haynes, Murris e Carvalho, propomos pensar a escola também como um espaço político e, sendo assim, como os exercícios e vivências da escuta ali experienciados podem constituir práticas democráticas. Compartilhamos como exemplo duas vivências que buscam escutar as vozes das crianças na sala de aula (uma em um jardim de infância e outra em um projeto escolar). A partir dessas vivências, perpassamos juntamente com Walter Kohan pelos enlaces marginais entre escuta, escola e filosofia. Terminamos referindo que o percurso desta escrita nos conduziu a considerar que a escuta, quando pensada criticamente, pode contribuir para comunidades de investigação filosófica cada vez mais atentas e cuidadosas com a dimensão política das contribuições e falas das crianças. palavras-chave: filosofia para/com crianças, escuta, comunidade de investigação filosófica, escola, educação summary This text is based on concerns about the philosophical practice with children and the listening that occurs in some community of philosophical inquiry (Sharp, 1987; Mendonça & Carvalho, 2018) in a school context. We think about the certainties with which we move in these spaces and how unpredictable moments can interrupt these (apparently) safe paths, enabling new ways of educating. These “critical moments” (Haynes & Murris, 2012) arise from listening to the voices of children and transform the way in which the educator-researcher-facilitator conducts himself at school and in the reflections he makes based on these practices. In this way, Inês's question opens the present writing. We will also start with dialogues with some authors, such as Jean-Luc Nancy, who brings us important ideas about listening, and Michael Apple, who reminds us that schools can act as maintainers of a hegemonic situation through the transmission of values and trends cultural economics to the school context. We continue with the importance and critical reflection on listening to children's voices, until we ask ourselves if the school listens and which voices are considered in this listening. a political space and, therefore, how the exercises and experiences of listening experienced there can constitute democratic practices. We share, as an example, two experiences that seek to listen to the voices of children in the classroom (one in a kindergarten and the other in a school project). Based on these experiences, together with Walter Kohan, we explore the marginal links between listening, school and philosophy. We end by referring that the course of this writing led us to consider that listening, when thought critically, can contribute to philosophical research communities that are increasingly attentive and careful with the political dimension of children's contributions and speeches. keywords: philosophy for/with children, listening, community of philosophical inquiry, school, education resumen Este texto se basa en preocupaciones sobre la práctica filosófica con niños y la escucha que ocurre en algunas comunidades de investigación filosófica (Sharp, 1987; Mendonça & Carvalho, 2018) en un contexto escolar. Pensamos en las certezas con las que nos movemos en estos espacios y cómo momentos impredecibles pueden interrumpir estos caminos (aparentemente) seguros, posibilitando nuevas formas de educar. Estos “momentos críticos” (Haynes & Murris, 2012) surgen de la escucha de las voces de los niños y niñas y transforman la forma en que el educador-investigador-facilitador se conduce en la escuela y en las reflexiones que realiza a partir de estas prácticas. De esta forma, la pregunta de Inês abre el presente escrito. También comenzaremos con diálogos con algunos autores, como Jean-Luc Nancy, quien nos trae ideas importantes sobre la escucha, y Michael Apple, quien nos recuerda que las escuelas pueden actuar como mantenedoras de una situación hegemónica a través de la transmisión de valores y tendencias de la economía cultural al contexto escolar. Continuamos con la importancia y la reflexión crítica sobre la escucha de las voces de los niños, hasta preguntarnos si la escuela escucha y qué voces son consideradas en esa escucha de un espacio político y, por tanto, cómo los ejercicios y experiencias de escucha que allí se viven pueden constituirse democráticos. practicas Como ejemplo, compartimos dos experiencias que buscan escuchar las voces de los niños en el aula (una en un jardín de infantes y la otra en un proyecto escolar). A partir de estas experiencias exploramos, junto a Walter Kohan, los vínculos marginales entre escucha, escuela y filosofía. Finalizamos refiriendo que el transcurso de este escrito nos llevó a considerar que la escucha, cuando se piensa críticamente, puede contribuir a comunidades de investigación filosófica cada vez más atentas y cuidadosas con la dimensión política de los aportes y discursos infantiles. palabras clave: filosofía para/con niños, escucha, comunidad de indagación filosófica, escuela, educación [1] Email: [email protected]. Mestre em Filosofia para Crianças, pela universidade dos Açores (2022); Educador de Infância na rede pública em Portugal; investigador do NICA-UAc: Núcleo Interdisciplinar da Criança e do Adolescente. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3610-6416 [2] Email: [email protected]. Mestra em Filosofia para Crianças - Universidade dos Açores / Portugal. (2022) Atualmente é professora efetiva - Secretaria de Educação do DF/Brasil. Membro do NICA: Núcleo Interdisciplinar da Criança e do Adolescente, da Universidade dos Açores e investigadora do projeto escuto.te: vozes das infâncias entre a filosofia e a política, da responsabilidade do NICA: Núcleo Interdisciplinar da Criança e do Adolescente, da Universidade dos Açore, financiado pelo Governo dos Açores. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2795-5793 [3] Email: nalis.carvalho@gmai.com Mestranda em Filosofia para Crianças da Universidade dos Açores / Portugal. Membro do NICA: Núcleo Interdisciplinar da Criança e do Adolescente, da Universidade dos Açores e investigadora do projeto escuto.te: vozes das infâncias entre a filosofia e a política, da responsabilidade do NICA, financiado pelo Governo dos Açores.orcid.https://org/0000-0002-9098-7157. (shrink)

In the 1930s, the Bengali philosopher K. C. Bhattacharyya proposed a new theory of rasa, or aesthetic emotion, according to which aesthetic emotions are feelings that have other feelings as their intentional objects. This paper articulates how Bhattacharyya’s theory offers a novel solution to the puzzle of how it is both possible and rational to enjoy the kind of negative emotions that are inspired by tragic and sorrowful tales. The new solution is distinct from the conversion and compensation views that (...) dominate the existing literature, and it derives its significance from how it ties aesthetic experience to self-awareness. (shrink)

ResumenLa descortesía de Donald Trump ha causado preocupación en su país y en casi todo el planeta por los efectos geopolíticos que su discurso racista, xenofóbico y misógino podría tener en la política mundial (Wodak y Krzyżanowski, 2017). En América Latina, México ha sido blanco de su discurso ofensivo y esto ha generado respuestas de diferentes sectores de la sociedad. En este trabajo, nos concentramos en la respuesta que el diario La Jornada ha dado a los insultos y amenazas contra (...) los migrantes mexicanos y de otras nacionalidades desde su campaña electoral para presidente cuando amenazó con construir un muro entre Estados Unidos y México. Planteamos que aquí la descortesía es una práctica política de (auto)legitimación ideológica que amerita un estudio más allá de la construcción de la imagen social de los interlocutores individualmente porque, en este caso, se trata de una descortesía con implicaciones sociales, económicas y políticas para el diálogo internacional. Desde una perspectiva lingüística, interaccional y crítica (Bolívar, 2018, 2019) analizamos la situación, analizamos la situación entre México y EUA a través de los editoriales de La Jornada, concebidos como un espacio para el diálogo mediado por la prensa. Analizamos un corpus de editoriales que comprende de 2016 a 2020. El estudio revela cómo funciona la descortesía en la práctica política de Trump y la forma en que La Jornada responde en su rol de actor social. (shrink)

Everybody assumes (1) that musical performances are sonic events and (2) that their expressive properties are sonic properties. This paper discusses recent findings in the psychology of music perception that show that visual information combines with auditory information in the perception of musical expression. The findings show at the very least that arguments are needed for (1) and (2). If music expresses what we think it does, then its expressive properties may be visual as well as sonic; and if its (...) expressive properties are purely sonic, then music expresses less than we think it does. And if the expressive properties of music are visual as well as sonic, then music is not what we think it is—it is not purely sonic. (shrink)

This study aims to analyze the relationship between psychological capital profiles and internal learning in teams. The participants in this study were 480 undergraduate students. We performed a cluster analysis using the SPSS and yielded four distinct psychological capital profiles. The student profile with the highest scores in self-efficacy, optimism, hope, and resilience exhibited also the highest scores of internal learning in teams. On the other hand, the student profile with the lowest scores in self-efficacy, optimism, hope, and resilience presented (...) the lowest scores of internal learning in teams. It is also noteworthy that there was no significant relationship between the profile with a positive combination between self-efficacy and hope and the profile that presents the optimism as the only positive psychological capability, in the way they relate to internal learning in teams, which led us to reject the second hypothesis of the study. This study reinforces the role of psychological capital in academic settings and suggests that psychological capital profiles can affect internal learning in teams differentially. (shrink)

This essay considers insects’ place-making powers in history of science topics. Insects have co-shaped the geographies of knowledge production throughout history in three primary dimensions: through their size, density, and multiplane existence. Insects’ miniature worlds have helped humans to create trans-scale analogies. Their spatial transgression and swarming capacity have overwhelmed people, including field researchers, contributing to the making of the places where science is produced. Finally, insects’ “ontologically alien” ways of engaging with environments (e.g., flying and living underground) have offered (...) valuable material for humans’ imaginings of their own realities. By prioritizing insects’ own spatial characteristics, this tripartite typology of human/insect entanglements intends to spur new ways of writing histories of science that engage with space and place. (shrink)

This book explores the strong links between sustainability and the humanities, which go beyond the inclusion of social sciences in discussions on sustainability, and offers a holistic discussion on the intellectual and moral aspects of sustainable development. The contributions from researchers in the fields of education, social sciences, religion, humanities, and sustainable development fulfill three main aims: They provide university lecturers interested in humanities and sustainable development with an opportunity to present their work; foster the exchange of information, ideas and (...) experiences acquired in the execution of teaching and research; and discuss methodological approaches and projects that provide a better understanding of how the humanities can contribute to the debate on sustainable development. Prepared by the Inter-University Sustainable Development Research Programme and the World Sustainable Development Research and Transfer Centre, the book reiterates the need to promote integrated approaches to sustainable development. Including practice-based lessons learnt that can be replicated further, it is a valuable resource for scientists and practitioners working in the humanities and sustainable development. (shrink)

What is childhood? This basic but not less intriguing question guides the present philosophical exercise. However, along the journey, that first question inevitably leads us to some other indispensable queries: What are we able to know about children through the way they behave? Is it ‘what’ they are indeed? If behaviours show us some things, cannot they, at the same time, hide others from us? What is it they are showing or hiding? What is at stake here? Returning to our (...) first and guiding question and paying a little more attention to it, we may realise a very important detail there, which consists in just two letters: the use of the verb be. Most of the times, we ask ‘What is childhood?’ and, a moment later, we turn away and forget what we were primarily looking for. Completely lost and without even noticing it, we eagerly begin our saga in order to produce theories and more theories about childhood. But what have become of the children themselves? Now they are nothing more than objects of our systematic and empirical scientific researches. We have been treating them as machines of behaviour and – with the help of cutting-edge technology – products of our manipulation. This way, we abandon who they are. We ignore their being. If we are truly willing to help them discover their ownmost potentiality-for-being (eigenstes Seinkönnen), that is, their possible authenticity (Eigentlichkeit), then we must face the challenge of receiving them as the Dasein they are. (shrink)

Neste artigo, discutiremos os limites do modelo de estabilização empregado nas operações da Organização das Nações Unidas para construção da paz de longo prazo. Nosso argumento é que a estratégia política da estabilização, por ser baseada no uso robusto da força para combater grupos armados e apoiar governos no restabelecimento da autoridade estatal, acaba perdendo de vista os esforços de resolução dos conflitos, o que, no limite, contribui para o prolongamento da violência. Metodologicamente, o artigo se baseia no estudo do (...) caso do combate ao grupo armado M23 pela MONUSCO na RDC, por meio da análise de dados e documentos que nos permitam avaliar dois aspectos principais: (i) os níveis de violência armada; e (ii) a condução de um processo político de resolução do conflito. (shrink)

Michel Foucault desafia qualquer tentativa de ser reduzido a definições simplistas. Fazer uma saudosa memória por ocasião dos 40 anos de sua morte não pode se resumir a uma apresentação estática de sua vida e obra. É imperioso ressaltar o vigor, o dinamismo interno de seu pensamento filosófico. A filosofia de Foucault é um sincero convite dirigido a todos nós para fazermos uma verdadeira experiência de pensar, a voltar-nos para nós mesmos para refletir criticamente sobre as formas de poder pelas (...) quais fomos e somos constituídos, buscando a possibilidade de imaginar novas formas de ser e de nos relacionar com o mundo. Partindo das impressões sobre o legado de Foucault, apresentamos algumas interpretações de sua filosofia no intuito de ressaltar a beleza e a importância daquela experiência de pensar que gera novas interpretações e assegura a vital relevância da filosofia. Palavras-chave: Michel Foucault. Método Genealógico. Analítica do Poder. Experiência Filosófica. (shrink)

The environment is a continuous source of matter and energy, which dynamizes the adaptive processes of biological systems, so that these systems emerge, persist or are extinguished as a consequence of their reactions to the environment. This perspective, forged from classical physics, gives way to multiple ecological theories, with evolution being the most prominent one. In all these cases, information would be both dependent and subsequent to matter and energy. Thus, the emergence and dynamics of genetic material or ecological attributes (...) such as abundance, richness or diversity depend mainly on the interaction of these two fundamental states. However, recent approaches from quantum physics and complexity views put forward the notion that information can be independent and prior to matter and energy, which allows us to see ecological processes from another perspective, i.e., as including complex biological systems as capable of showing emergent properties such as cognition. We proposed here a set of postulates and ideas that suggests how the ability to manipulate (internalize, integrate, store and generate) information can be developed by those systems, which would directly and non-randomly influence ecological attributes and their dynamics; i.e., how this property can possibly help replacing the notion of the environment as the ultimate cause of changes. Besides fully detailing the sources of knowledge and our rationale in this sense, we have also discussed how these thoughts and possibilities can be employed in devising better and more comprehensive approaches for biological conservation strategies. (shrink)

A filosofia ambiental surge na década de 1970 movida pelo ímpeto de reflexão sobre a iminência de uma crise ecológica e suas causas mais profundas. E a questão central que motivou os trabalhos pioneiros neste campo foi a crítica ao centramento humano em termos de valor moral, isto é, a assunção de que o _homo sapiens_ constitui o único _locus_ de valor frente às demais espécies e à natureza mais que humana como um todo. A demanda por uma nova ética, (...) de caráter ambiental, nasce precisamente do desafio ao antropocentrismo predominante na tradição filosófica ocidental, à luz das ideias de continuidade e interdependência do humano em relação ao mundo mais que humano, sugeridas pelos princípios da ciência ecológica. Tal proposta, entretanto, suscitou um interessante debate acerca da viabilidade e implicações de posturas senciocêntricas, biocêntricas e ecocêntricas, como forma de fundamentar o valor intrínseco para além da esfera da agência moral. A chamada _clivagem antropocêntrico-ecocêntrico _demarca precisamente os polos deste debate, que marcou os primeiros passos da filosofia ambiental e se estendeu à ecologia política. Apesar de algumas tentativas de retratar posturas não antropocêntricas como um dogma a ser superado na evolução da pesquisa em ética ambiental, este artigo procura argumentar que a questão permanece em aberto, sobretudo a partir de uma recente retomada das críticas ao antropocentrismo por um grupo de autoras e autores ligados às ciências ambientais. (shrink)

The city of Puebla was put on the UNESCO list of Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 1987; its history dates back to the sixteenth century allowing for the preservation of various important buildings, such as churches with baroque and neoclassical facades, buildings from the period known as Novo Hispanics, when some of its historic neighbourhoods were founded, including the Barrio el Refugio, hereinafter referred to as BR, where indigenous people employed in the lime manufacture used to live. Since those times, (...) however, the neighbourhood has become a place with bad reputation, “a den of thieves”. The traditional, religious commemoration, the “Fiesta Patronal de la Virgen del Refugio,” is the most important celebration in the neighbourhood. In the Church of La Virgen del Refugio, built in the seventeenth century after an inhabitant painted a mural with the image of the virgin, the “mañanitas” are sung with the Mariachi. During the patronal feast, the “El Refugio Cultural Festival” is held with more than a hundred artists taking part and creating about a thousand murals according to the organiser’s estimation. This happens in the city where a project “Puebla Ciudad Mural” was started, as an initiative of the “Colectivo Tomate,” which sought to regenerate the neighbourhood through art, in alliance with the government and private companies. However, these policies are more tourist oriented rather than benefit the neighbourhood. For this reason, the graffiti movement “Festival Cultural el Refugio” is becoming a meeting point for urban artists from Mexico and Puebla, accustomed to taking up public or private space, as they demand space where they can live and express themselves. For ten years the festival has realised more than one thousand pieces of urban art, including Wild Style graffiti, bombs, stickers, stencil, and murals. All this is done under the patronage of the artists themselves, as three hundred of them come from all over the country to take part in every edition of the festival that does not receive any government support or other form of sponsorship. (shrink)

O texto apresentado a seguir é uma traduçáo da conferência intitulada “The Burden and Blessing of Mortality” ( The Hastings Center Report , 22, n. 1, jan-fev. 1992, p. 34-40), que foi apresentada à Fundaçáo do Palácio Real [The Royal Palace Foundation], em Amsterdam, no dia 19 de março de 1991. Esta conferência foi traduzida para o alemáo por Reinhard Löw e revisada pelo próprio Jonas, aparecendo com o título “Last und Segen der Sterblichkeit” em Scheidewege 21, 1991/92, p. 26-40, (...) e mais tarde em um livro do próprio Jonas: Philosophische Untersuchungen und metaphysische Vermutungen [Investigações Filosóficas e Suposições Metafísicas] . Frankfurt am Main: Insel Verlag, 1992, p. 81-100. Por sua vez, o texto original, em inglês, veio ainda a fazer parte de uma coletânea de ensaios de Jonas, editada por Lawrence Vogel ( Mortality and Morality : a search for good after Auschwits. Ed. Lawrence Vogel. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 1996, p. 87-97). (shrink)

Ecumenical logic aims to peacefully join classical and intuitionistic logic systems, allowing for reasoning about both classical and intuitionistic statements. This paper presents a semantic tableau for propositional ecumenical logic and proves its soundness and completeness concerning Ecumenical Kripke models. We introduce the Ecumenical Propositional Tableau ( $$E_T$$ ) and demonstrate its effectiveness in handling mixed statements.

In his article How Did Marx Invent the Symptom? Žižek discusses his project of a critique of ideology, he proposes, since the concept of real abstraction by Sohn-Rethel, that are a virtual dimension that structure the practices, which, in turn, the beliefs or the subjectivity is submitted to. On contrary to the classical critique of ideology, that step in the levels of practices or the subjectivity, in Žižek’s project the subjectivity is just a rebound effect of the practices and the (...) the practice is what are ideological, then the critique of ideology must to act over the practices, nor on the believes. And, the way to do this is acting over the real abstraction, or, the phantasy, the ideological phantasy. Our propose in this article is to show how this project of a critique of ideology fits in the lacanian structure known as Graph of Desire. In this way, the lacanian graph will be a generic topology to a critique of ideology or phantasy. (shrink)

This essay explores some possibilities brought by the question about philosophy’s utility for science. We point to some arguments in favor of the importance of philosophy for science in general and Behavior Analysis in particular. We argue that philosophy is the consciousness of science. Without philosophical consciousness, science incurs epistemological naiveties; it uncritically defends scientific neutrality; it risks turning into a mere technique in the service of ideologies that endangers science’s existence. As the philosophy of Behavior Analysis, Radical Behaviorism can (...) play the role of conscience of that science. (shrink)

En 1919, la même année où Jean Giraudoux fait son « Adieu à la guerre », il écrit « Les morts d’Elpénor ». En 1926, à côté de trois autres histoires, ce texte intégrera le corps d’Elpénor, déterminant l’ensemble, une collection de quatre textes écrits pendant dix-huit ans, le premier étant « Cyclope », écrit en 1908 ; le deuxième, « Sirènes », en 1912 ; le troisième en 1919 ; et le dernier en 1926, « Les nouvelles morts d’Elpénor (...) ». Quand « Cyclope » et « Sirènes » sortent respectivement chez Le Matin en 1908 et chez Paris-Journal en 1912 aucun d’entre eux ne mentionne Elpénor. Bref, c’est avec le développement des deux dernières histoires, que Elpénor, cette figure effacée chez Homère et absente dans les deux premiers textes de Giraudoux, vole la vedette. Cet article voudrait montrer comment la mise à jour du héros et de ses histoires est en dialogue avec la guerre vécue par l’auteur, pour proposer comment les vieilles histoires, lorsqu’elles sont renouvelées, participent à un processus qui leur permet d’élaborer les défis du présent, communiquant le présent, à travers un code déjà public, l’Odyssée. (shrink)